There are no lower rungs. The legs are mortised through the seat and wedged tightly in place and also buttressed under the seat by four strong

laminated ash arches, one for each leg.Each arch is inserted into a mortise in the upper end of its leg and fastened to the underside of the seat.This makes for a very strong leg to chair joint and enhances the design both visually and by eliminating the lower rungs found in most chairs.